EU accession reshapes labour markets not through a single legal change, but through a cumulative rebalancing of mobility, wages, skills and employer behaviour. For Montenegro, where labour availability, productivity and informality are already binding constraints, EU integration turns the labour market into one of the most consequential—and costly—adjustment channels. The effects are immediate for employers,...
Alongside regulatory expansion, Montenegro is experiencing a quieter but equally consequential transformation in its labour market. Employers increasingly demand specific, verifiable skills rather than formal degrees, while professionals seek rapid upskilling that translates directly into income stability or mobility. This dynamic has created fertile ground for a niche education market that operates outside traditional schools and universities,...
